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WHAT IS LARYNGEAL ATRESIA?

         WHAT IS LARYNGEAL ATRESIA?                       Laryngeal  Atresia is a rare birth defect, result from recanalization of the larynx during the 10th week of development, which produce obstruction(blocking) of the upper fetal airway This disease is also known as congenital high airway obstruction syndrome. Distal to the region of atresia or stenosis , the fetal airways become dilated , and the lungs are enlarged and filled with fluid. The diaphragm is either flattened or inverted , and there is an accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity in the intracellular spaces, causing severe edema. High Risk CHAOS syndrome is very often fatal due to fetal heart failure due to blockage of airway obstruction. In some severe cases , postpartum airway intervention (tracheostomy) may lead to survival. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA? Esophage...
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Varicocele and male infertility

  WHAT IS VARICOCELE? Varicocele  is produced by dilatation of the pampiniform plexus on veins. It is usually left sided ; possibly because the left testicular vein is longer than the right, enters the left renal vein at a right angle and is crossed by the colon (part of large intestine) which may compress it when loaded . In varicocele, there is an elongation and dilation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus (the venous network of approximately 10 veins draining the testis and epididymis ) . It is a common disorder found in adolescents and young adults. The great majority occur on the left side of scrotum because the right testicular vein drains into the low-pressure inferior vena cava , whereas the left vein drains into the left renal vein, in which the Venus pressure is higher. Very rarely, a malignant tumor of the left kidney with invasion of the left renal vein may block the exit of the testicular vein. What Are Possible Varicocele Complications OR SYMPTOMS? Pain. A...
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Appendicitis- appendix

 WHAT IS APPENDICTIS? Appendicitis begins with the obstruction of the appendix lumen with a fecal concretion (fecalith) and lymphoid hyperplasia followed by distention of the appendix. Clinical findings include initial pain in the umbilical or epigastric region (later pain localizes to the right lumbar region), nausea, vomiting, anorexia, tenderness to palpation, and percussion in the right lumbar region. Complications may include peritonitis due to rupture of the appendix. McBurney point is located by drawing a line from the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus. The midpoint of this line locates the root of the appendix. The appendix is suspended by the mesoap- pendix (i.e., intraperitoneal) and is generally found in the retrocecal fossa (although its position is variable). What is appendix? This is a worm-like diverticulum arising from the posteromedial wall, of the caecum, about 2 cm below the ileocaecal orifice. The appendix  is a narrow, muscular tube with...
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