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INGUINAL HERNIA AND ITS TYPES

WHAT IS INGUIN IN AL REGION? The inguinal region is an area of weakness of the anterior abdominal wall due to the penetration of the testes and spermatic cord (in males) or the round ligament of the uterus (in females) during embryologic development. WHAT IS INGUINAL LIGAMENT? Inguinal Ligament is the coiled lower border of the external oblique muscle and extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle. There are two rings of inguinal ligament DEEP INGUINAL RING SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL RING WHAT IS DEEP INGUINAL RING? Deep Inguinal Ring is an oval evagination of the transversalis fascia located lateral to the inferior epigastric artery. The transversalis fascia continues into the inguinal canal as the internal fascia of the structures passing through the inguinal canal. The deep inguinal ring is an oval opening in the fascia transversalis and lies approximately 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) above the inguinal ligament. The margins of this ring give attachme...

pancreas - blood supply and innervation

What is Pancreas? The pancreas {pan = all; kreas = flesh) is a gland that is partly exocrine and partly endocrine. The exocrine part secretes the digestive pancreatic juice; and the endocrine part secretes hormones, e.g., insulin. It is soft, lobulated and elongated organ. The pancreas is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. It is an elongated structure that lies on the posterior ab- dominal wall behind the stomach and behind the peri- toneum. It may be divided into a head, a neck, a body, and a tail . The head is disc shaped and lies within the concavity of the C-shaped duodenum. The uncinate process is a projection to the left from the lower part of the head behind the superior mesenteric vessels. The neck is narrow and connects the head to the body; it lies in front of the beginning of the portal vein. The body passes upward and to the left across the midline, and the tail extends to the hilus of the spleen in the splenicorenal ligament. Location Of Pancreas The pancreas li...

Varicocele and male infertility

WHAT IS VARICOCELE? Varicocele is produced by dilatation of the pampiniform plexus on veins. It is usually left sided ; possibly because the left testicular vein is longer than the right, enters the left renal vein at a right angle and is crossed by the colon (part of large intestine) which may compress it when loaded . In varicocele, there is an elongation and dilation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus (the venous network of approximately 10 veins draining the testis and epididymis ) . It is a common disorder found in adolescents and young adults. The great majority occur on the left side of scrotum because the right testicular vein drains into the low-pressure inferior vena cava , whereas the left vein drains into the left renal vein, in which the Venus pressure is higher. Very rarely, a malignant tumor of the left kidney with invasion of the left renal vein may block the exit of the testicular vein. What Are Possible Varicocele Complications OR SYMPTOMS? Pain. A...

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